| 1901 | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen |
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| 1902 | Hendrik Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman |
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| 1903 | Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie |
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| 1904 | Lord Rayleigh |
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| 1905 | Philipp Lenard |
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| 1906 | J. J. Thomson |
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| 1907 | Albert A. Michelson |
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| 1908 | Gabriel Lippmann |
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| 1909 | Guglielmo Marconi, Ferdinand Braun |
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| 1910 | Johannes Diderik van der Waals |
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| 1911 | Wilhelm Wien |
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| 1912 | Gustaf Dalén |
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| 1913 | Heike Kamerlingh Onnes |
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| 1914 | Max von Laue |
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| 1915 | William Bragg, Lawrence Bragg |
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| 1916 | (no award) |
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| 1917 | Charles Glover Barkla |
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| 1918 | Max Planck |
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| 1919 | Johannes Stark |
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| 1920 | Charles Édouard Guillaume |
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| 1921 | Albert Einstein |
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| 1922 | Niels Bohr |
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| 1923 | Robert A. Millikan |
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| 1924 | Manne Siegbahn |
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| 1925 | James Franck, Gustav Hertz |
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| 1926 | Jean Perrin |
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| 1927 | Arthur H. Compton, C. T. R. Wilson |
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| 1928 | Owen Willans Richardson |
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| 1929 | Louis de Broglie |
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| 1930 | Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman |
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| 1931 | (no award) |
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| 1932 | Werner Heisenberg |
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| 1933 | Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac |
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| 1934 | (no award) |
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| 1935 | James Chadwick |
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| 1936 | Victor Francis Hess, Carl David Anderson |
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| 1937 | Clinton Davisson, George Paget Thomson |
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| 1938 | Enrico Fermi |
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| 1939 | Ernest Lawrence |
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| 1940 | (no award) |
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| 1941 | (no award) |
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| 1942 | (no award) |
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| 1943 | Otto Stern |
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| 1944 | Isidor Isaac Rabi |
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| 1945 | Wolfgang Pauli |
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| 1946 | Percy Williams Bridgman |
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| 1947 | Edward Victor Appleton |
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| 1948 | Patrick M. S. Blackett |
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| 1949 | Hideki Yukawa |
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| 1950 | Cecil Powell |
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| 1951 | John Cockcroft, Ernest T. S. Walton |
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| 1952 | Felix Bloch, E. M. Purcell |
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| 1953 | Frits Zernike |
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| 1954 | Max Born, Walther Bothe |
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| 1955 | Willis Lamb, Polykarp Kusch |
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| 1956 | William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain |
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| 1957 | Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee |
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| 1958 | Pavel A. Cherenkov, Ilya M. Frank, Igor Y. Tamm |
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| 1959 | Emilio Segrè, Owen Chamberlain |
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| 1960 | Donald A. Glaser |
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| 1961 | Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer |
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| 1962 | Lev Landau |
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| 1963 | Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen |
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| 1964 | Charles H. Townes, Nikolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov |
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| 1965 | Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman |
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| 1966 | Alfred Kastler |
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| 1967 | Hans Bethe |
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| 1968 | Luis W. Alvarez |
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| 1969 | Murray Gell-Mann |
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| 1970 | Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel |
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| 1971 | Dennis Gabor |
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| 1972 | John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, Robert Schrieffer |
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| 1973 | Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson |
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| 1974 | Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish |
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| 1975 | Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, James Rainwater |
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| 1976 | Burton Richter, Samuel C. C. Ting |
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| 1977 | Philip W. Anderson, Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck |
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| 1978 | Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson |
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| 1979 | Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg |
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| 1980 | James W. Cronin, Val Fitch |
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| 1981 | Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn |
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| 1982 | Kenneth G. Wilson |
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| 1983 | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler |
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| 1984 | Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer |
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| 1985 | Klaus von Klitzing |
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| 1986 | Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer |
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| 1987 | J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller |
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| 1988 | Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger |
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| 1989 | Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul |
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| 1990 | Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor |
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| 1991 | Pierre-Gilles de Gennes |
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| 1992 | Georges Charpak |
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| 1993 | Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. |
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| 1994 | Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull |
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| 1995 | Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines |
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| 1996 | David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson |
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| 1997 | Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips |
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| 1998 | Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui |
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| 1999 | Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman |
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| 2000 | Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby |
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| 2001 | Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman |
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| 2002 | Raymond Davis, Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi |
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| 2003 | Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett |
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| 2004 | David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek |
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| 2005 | Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch |
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| 2006 | John C. Mather, George F. Smoot |
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| 2007 | Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg |
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| 2008 | Toshihide Maskawa, Yoichiro Nambu |
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| 2009 | Charles K. Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith |
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